Heather Sarsons, a PhD candidate in economics at Harvard, gathered data on economists to see how teaming up with others (in this case to coauthor a paper) affects the likelihood of getting promoted (i.e., getting tenure), and whether it differs by gender. She found that coauthored papers correlate with fewer promotions for female academics. Women essentially experience a collaboration penalty, which is most pronounced when women coauthor with men and less pronounced the more female coauthors there are on a paper. Men, however, are not penalized at all for collaborating.